Tramadol Abuse-associated Seizure: An Epidemiological and Electroencephalographic Study

Background: Seizure is one of the most severe side effects tramadol abuse that can be irreversible. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate frequency abuse-associated seizure and electroencephalogram findings in patients with seizures. Methods: cross-sectional was conducted on generalized tonic-clonic seizures caused by abuse. After history examination systemic neurologic evaluation, abnormality neurological examination, metabolic or non-contrast CT scan were excluded. Electroencephalography performed between third fifth days. Demographic data electroencephalograph recorded analyzed. Results: A total 356 enrolled, initial diagnosis 12.9% patients. Among them, 9.3% had seizures, which followed protocol completely. Abnormal electroencephalography found 48.5% patients, epileptic discharges observed 21.2% them. The consumed amount tramadol, duration consumption, time interval consumption onset associated abnormality. Conclusions: Tramadol occurred a significant number Half abnormalities.